¡¾ÕªÒª¡¿ÔÚ´ó´óССµÄ½¨Öþ¹¤³ÌÊ©¹¤ÖУ¬²â»æ¼¼ÊõÕ¼¾Ý׿«ÎªÖØÒªÇҹؼüµÄλÖã¬ÆäÕûÌåÓ¦ÓÃˮƽµÄ¸ßµÍ½«»á¶Ô¹¤³ÌµÄÖÊÁ¿²úÉúÖ±½ÓÐÔµÄÓ°Ïì¡£ÎÄÕÂÊ×ÏȶÔÊ©¹¤¹¤³ÌÖÐ²â»æ¼¼ÊõÓ¦ÓõÄÖØÒªÐÔ¼°²â»æ¹¤×÷µÄÓ¦Óñê×¼ÌØµã½øÐÐÁ˲ûÊö˵Ã÷£¬Ö®ºó×ÅÖØ¶Ô²â»æ¼¼ÊõÔÚ½¨Öþ¹¤³ÌÖеľßÌåÓ¦ÓýøÐзÖÎöÑо¿£¬ÒÔ´ËΪÕû¸ö¹¤³ÌÊ©¹¤ÖÊÁ¿Ë®Æ½µÄÌáÉýÌṩ°ïÖú¡£

¡¾¹Ø¼ü´Ê¡¿½¨Öþ¹¤³Ì£»²â»æ£»Ó¦ÓÃ

¡¾·ÖÀàºÅ¡¿TU198

0.ǰÑÔ

¶ÔÊ©¹¤ÏîÄ¿µÄÖÊÁ¿½øÐпÆÑ§±£ÕϵĻù´¡Ç°ÌáΪ²âÁ¿¼¼ÊõµÄ¿ÆÑ§Ó¦Óá£ÔÚ¶ÔÕû¸ö¹¤³ÌÏîĿʵÐвâÁ¿¹¤×÷ʱ£¬±ØÐëÒª½èÖúÏÖ´ú¿ÆÑ§»¯µÄÏȽø¼¼Êõ£¬´Ó¶ø½øÒ»²½ÌáÉý²âÁ¿Êý¾ÝÐÅÏ¢µÄ¿ÆÑ§×¼È·ÐÔ£¬½«Æä×ÔÉíµÄ×÷ÓýøÐÐ×î´ó»¯µÄ·¢»Ó¡£

1.²â»æ¼¼ÊõÓ¦ÓõÄÖØÒªÐÔ¼°Ìصã

1.1 ²â»æ¼¼ÊõÓ¦ÓÃÖØÒªÐÔ

ÔÚ½¨Öþ¹¤³ÌÕýʽ¿ªÊ¼Ê©¹¤½¨Ôì֮ǰ£¬±Ø¾­µÄÒ»¸ö»·½Ú²½Öè±ãÊÇÊ©¹¤²â»æ¡£Ê©¹¤²â»æ¹¤×÷×ÔÉíÔÚ½øÐÐÖоßÓÐ×ۺϸ´ÔÓÐÔµÄÌØµã£¬ÇÒÀë²»¿ª¸÷»·½ÚµÄЭµ÷ÅäºÏ¡£¶ÔÓÚÏîĿʩ¹¤µ¥Î»¶øÑÔ£¬²â»æ¼¼ÊõÓ¦ÓõÄÖØÒªÐÔ²»¿ÉСêΪÁËÈ·±£¹¤³ÌÏîĿʩ¹¤ÖеÄ˳ÀûÐÔÒÔ¼°¹¤³ÌÖÊÁ¿µÄ¿ÆÑ§±ê×¼ÐÔ£¬ÐèÔÚ²â»æ¹¤×÷½øÐÐÖÐÌí¼ÓһЩ±ØÒªµÄ¼¼ÊõÐÔÔªËØ£¬ÔËÓÃרҵµÄË®×¼·½Ê½½øÐÐÊ©¹¤¡£ËùÒÔ£¬ÔÚ²â»æ¼¼ÊõµÄÓ¦ÓÃÖУ¬ÐèÔÚ¶ÔÔ­ÓÐ²â»æ¼¼Êõ½øÐпÆÑ§ºÏÀíÓ¦ÓõÄͬʱ£¬¾¡¿ÉÄܵؽ«Ê©¹¤¼¼Êõ½øÐиÄÁ¼ÓÅ»¯£¬½«¹¤×÷ÖгöÏÖµÄÎó²î¼õµ½×îС¡£ÔÚÒ»Ð©ÌØÊâµØÓò»·¾³ÖÐʵÐÐÊ©¹¤²â»æ¹¤×÷ʱ£¬»¹ÐèÔËÓÃÏÖ´ú»¯µÄ¿Æ¼¼·½·¨´Ùʹ²â»æ¼¼ÊõÓëµ±µØµØÀíÌØµãÏàÈںϡ£ÏÖ´ú»¯²â»æ¼¼ÊõµÄ¿ÆÑ§Ó¦ÓÃΪ¹¤³ÌÏîÄ¿µÄºÏÀí¹æ»®ÓëÊ©¹¤ÌṩÁ˼áʵµÄ±£ÕÏ»ù´¡£¬Îª¹¤³ÌµÄÕûÌåÊ©¹¤ÖÊÁ¿ÌṩÁ˱£ÕÏ¡£

1.2 ½¨Öþ¹¤³ÌÖÐ²â»æ×÷ÒµÌØµã

Ê©¹¤²âÁ¿¹¤×÷µÄÌØµãÖ÷Òª·ÖΪÈýµã£ºµÚÒ»µã£¬¶ÔÓÚÕûÌ徫׼¶ÈµÄ±ê×¼½Ï¸ß£¬Òò´ËÐè¶Ô²âÁ¿¹¤×÷ÖгöÏÖµÄÎó²î½øÐпÆÑ§¿ØÖƽµµÍ¡£ÁíÍ⣬ÏÖÔڴ󲿷ֹ¤³ÌÏîÄ¿ÔÚÆäÊ©¹¤Öжà²ÉÓý×ÌÝ×´µÄÁ÷ˮʩ¹¤·½·¨£¬ÆäËùÔËÓõŤÒÕ¼¼Êõ¶àÎªÔ¤ÖÆ?×°Å䣬Òò´ËÏàÓ¦µÄ¶ÔÓÚ²âÁ¿Êý¾Ý¾«×¼¶ÈµÄÒªÇó±ê×¼Ò²¾ÍÔ½¸ß¡£µÚ¶þµã£¬Ïà¹ØÁªµÄÒòËØ½Ï¶à¡£ÔÚ¶ÔһЩ¸ß²ãÀ๤³ÌÏîÄ¿½øÐÐÊ©¹¤Ê±£¬Æä×îÖÕ²âÁ¿Êý¾ÝÓëʵ¼Ê¼ä´æÔÚµÄÎó²î½«»áÊܵ½¹¤×÷ÈËÔ±¼¼Êõ²Ù×÷¡¢É豸Îó²î¡¢¹¤³ÌÏîÄ¿Éè¼ÆÒÔ¼°ÆäÓàÍâÔÚÒòËØµÈ¶à·½ÃæµÄÓ°Ïì¡£µÚÈýµã£¬¼¼ÊõÄѶÈÐÔÆ«Ç¿¡£ÏÖÈç½ñ£¬ÓÉÓÚÉç»áµÄÖð²½½ø²½Óë·¢Õ¹£¬½¨Öþ¹¤³ÌÏîÄ¿µÄ¸ß¶ÈÒ²ÔÚÖð½¥Ôö¼Ó£¬Òò´ËÆä²â»æ¼¼ÊõµÄÓ¦ÓÃÖÐËù´æÔÚµÄÎó²îÖµÒ²ÔÚÖð½¥»ýÀÛ¡£ÁíÍ⣬ÓÉÓÚÖî¶àÍâÔÚÒòËØµÄÓ°Ï죬¹¤³ÌÏîÄ¿ÄÚ²¿µÄ¿Õ¼äλÖÃÒ²·¢ÉúÁËÒ»¶¨µÄ±ä»¯£¬Ïà¹Ø²â»æÍøµÄÎȹÌÐÔÒ²Êܵ½Á˲»Ð¡µÄÓ°Ï죬³ÊÏÖ³öÖð²½Ï½µµÄÇ÷ÊÆ¡£

2.½¨Öþ¹¤³ÌÖÐÊ©¹¤²â»æ¼¼ÊõµÄ¾ßÌåÓ¦ÓÃ

2.1 Õýʽʵʩ²â»æµÄǰÆÚ×¼±¸

ÔÚÕýʽ½øÐвâÁ¿¹¤×÷ǰ£¬Ïà¹ØµÄ¹¤×÷ÈËÔ±Ê×ÏÈÐè×öµÄ±ãÊǶԹ¤³ÌÏîÄ¿µÄÏÖÓÐÊ©¹¤Éè¼ÆÍ¼Ö½½øÐÐÈÏÕæµÄ·­¿´²éÔÄ£¬¶ÔÆäÖдæÔÚµÄÖáÏßÒÔ¼°ÕûÌå½á¹¹µÄ¾ßÌå³ß´ç´óС½øÐпÆÑ§Ð£Õý¡£Í¬Ê±£¬Ïà¹Ø¹¤×÷ÈËÔ±»¹Ð轫Õû¸ö¹¤³ÌµÄÉè¼ÆÍ¼Ö½×÷Ϊ¸ù±¾ÒÀ¾Ý£¬ÔÚ¹¤³ÌµÄÊ©¹¤ÏÖ³¡½øÐжÔÕÕ¿±²é£¬¶ÔÏà¹ØÁªµÄºìÏß×®µãµÈ½øÐвâÁ¿Ð£Õý¡£¶Ô½¨Öþ¹¤³ÌµÄ¹Ì¶¨×ø±êÓëÆäÖܱ߽¨ÖþÖ®¼ä´æÔڵĹØÏµ½øÐÐÁ˽âÕÆÎÕ[1]¡£ÁíÍ⣬²âÁ¿¹¤×÷ÈËÔ±Ó¦¶ÔËùÐèÔËÓõ½µÄÉ豸½øÐгä·Ö×¼±¸£¬¾¡¿ÉÄܵØÔÚ²âÁ¿¹¤×÷ʵʩ֮ǰ½«¾­Î³ÒÇÆ÷¡¢²»ÉÙÓÚ3¸ö¸Ö¾í³ß×¼±¸ºÃ¡£Ó¦×Å֨עÒâµÄÊǸ־í³ßµÄ¾ßÌ峤¶ÈֵΪ50m£¬ËùÓеIJâÁ¿ÒÇÆ÷ÐèÔÚÔËÓÃ֮ǰ½øÐмø¶¨£¬¶ÔÆä²âÁ¿Êý¾ÝÖµ½øÐÐУ׼¡£Ïà¹ØÈËÔ±µÄÅ䱸ͬʱҲÊÇÊ®·ÖÖØÒªµÄ£¬²â»æ¼¼ÊõÓ¦ÓÃÖÐÐèÅ䱸²»ÉÙÓÚ3ÃûµÄ²âÁ¿Ô±ÒÔ¼°²»ÉÙÓÚ1ÃûµÄÑéÏßÈËÔ±¡£

2.2 ½¨Öþ¹¤³ÌµÄ¶¨Î»·ÅÏß

µÚÒ»£¬ÑéÏß¹¤×÷ÈËÔ±ÐèÔÚ¶Ô¹¤³Ì½øÐÐÊ©¹¤Ê±£¬¶ÔÆäÏà¹ØµÄ¶¨Î»·ÅÏß¼°¸ß³Ì¿ØÖÆÏß½øÐÐÖØ¸´ºË²é²âÁ¿£¬²¢½«Ëù²â»æ³öµÄ¾ßÌåÊýÖµ½øÐÐÏêϸ¼Ç¼¡£´ýËùÓнá¹ûÂú×ãÏà¹ØÒªÇó±ê×¼ºó·½¿É½«Æä¾ßÌåÇé¿öÉϱ¨¸ø¼àÀí²¿ÃŽøÐк˲顣µÚ¶þ£¬Ó¦½«¹¤³ÌÏîÄ¿µÄ¶¨Î»¼°¸ß³Ì×÷Ϊ¸ù±¾µÄÒÀ¾Ý»ù´¡£¬»ý¼«½¨Á¢ÆðÏà¹ØµÄÖáÏß¿ØÖÆÍø¡£ÖáÏß¿ØÖÆÍøÄÚ²¿µÄ¸÷¸ö×®µã¾ßÌåµÄ»®·Ö·½·¨ÎªÁ÷Ë®¶Î·¨£¬¶ø²â»æ·½Ê½ÔòΪ½èÏß·¨¡£ÔËÓþ­Î³ÒǽøÐÐ²â»æ×÷ÒµÖ÷ÒªÔËÓõķ½Ê½ÎªÕýµ¹¾µÈ¡Öж¨µã£¬Ö®ºóÔÙ²ÉÈ¡Íù·µ±ÕºÏµÄ·½Ê½½øÐоßÌå²âÁ¿£¬×îÖյĽá¹ûÎó²î±ê×¼Ó¦²»³¬¹ý1.5ºÁÃס£µÚÈý£¬ÑéÏßÈËÔ±ÔÚ½¨Á¢Íê³ÉÏà¹ØµÄ¿ØÖÆÍøºóÐè¶Ô×ÔÉíËù²âÁ¿³öµÄ´óÁ¿Êý¾Ý½øÐÐÖØ¸´ºË²é´¦Àí£¬´ý×îÖյĽá¹ûÂú×ãÏà¹ØÒªÇó±ê×¼ºó¿É½«¾ßÌåµÄÊý¾ÝÐÅÏ¢±¨¸æ¸øÏà¹Ø¹ÜÀí²¿ÃÅ¡£

2.3 »ù´¡Ê©¹¤²âÁ¿

µÚÒ»£¬ÔÚ½øÈ빤³ÌÏîÄ¿µÄÊ©¹¤ÏÖ³¡ºó£¬¿ÉÔËÓøֳßÐü¹ÒµÄ·½Ê½Íê³É´«µÝ²Ù×÷£¬¶Ô±ê¸ßµÄ¿ØÖÆ×®µã½øÐпÆÑ§É趨£¬Ó¦×¢Òâ±Ë´ËÖ®¼äµÄ¾àÀ뷶ΧӦΪ3¡«5Ãס£ÔÚºóÐøµÄÇåµ×µÈ¹¤×÷½øÐÐÖÐÒ²¿ÉÔËÓôËÖÖ·½Ê½½øÐÐ×®µãµÄ¿ØÖÆ[2]¡£µÚ¶þ£¬ÔÚÕýʽ½øÐÐÊ©¹¤µæ²ã֮ǰ£¬ÔÚÒÑÉèÖúõÄÖáÏß¿ØÖÆ×®ÉϵÄÁ½±ß²¿·Ö½øÐÐСÏßµÄÐü¹Ò£¬²¢¶ÔÆä¾ßÌå×ø±ê½øÐгä·ÖÀûÓ㬶ÔÕû¸öÖáÏߵij¤¶ÈÊýÖµ½øÐÐÖØ¸´ºËʵ´¦Àí£¬½«Íâ±ßÏß¼°Ïû·ÀË®ÏߵȽøÐÐÃ÷È·±êʶ¡£µÚÈý£¬¶ÔÓÚµæ²ãµÄ²â»æ×÷Òµ·½·¨Ö÷ҪΪ£ºÔÚÕýʽ½øÐзÅÏß֮ǰ£¬¶ÔÏà¹ØµÄÖáÏß¿ØÖÆÍø½øÐÐ׼ȷУÕý£¬²¢ÔËÓþ­Î³²â¶¨ÒÇÆ÷¶ÔÆä½øÐÐͶ²â¡£ÔÚÍê³ÉͶ²â²Ù×÷ºó£¬ÔÚµæ²ãÉϽøÐо­Î³²â¶¨ÒÇÆ÷µÄ·ÅÖ㬲¢ÔËÓôó¸Ö³ß¶Ô¾ßÌåµÄ±ÕºÏ³ß´ç´óС½øÐвâÁ¿¡£µÚËÄ£¬¶Ô¹¤³ÌÏîÄ¿µØÏÂÊҵĸ߳̽øÐпÆÑ§¿ØÖƵľßÌå·½·¨Îª£ºÔÚ½«Ç½¡¢ÖùÁ½Õß½øÐкÏÄ£´¦Àíºó£¬ÔËÓÃÏà¹ØµÄË®×¼É豸¶Ô¸ß³Ì¿ØÖÆµã½øÐÐÔÝʱÐÔÉ趨£¬ÒÔ´ËΪºóÆÚµÄ»ìÄýÍÁÕÒÆ½²Ù×÷Ìṩ°ïÖú¡£ÔÚÍê³ÉÏàÓ¦µÄÄ£°åÆÌÉ蹤×÷ºó£¬¶ÔÄ£°åµÄ×îÖÕÆ½Õû¶È½øÐÐ²â»æ×÷Òµ¡£

3.ÌáÉý²â»æ¼¼ÊõÓ¦ÓÃÖÊÁ¿µÄ¿ÆÑ§´ëÊ©

3.1 Ê©¹¤²â»æÖÊÁ¿ÌåϵµÄ½¡È«ÍêÉÆ

ÖÊÁ¿µÄ±£Ö¤¶ÔÓÚ²â»æ¼¼ÊõµÄÓ¦ÓöøÑÔÊǼ«ÎªÖØÒªÇҹؼüµÄ¡£ÎªÁ˸øÕû¸ö²â»æÖÊÁ¿µÄÌáÉýÌṩ¿ÆÑ§±ØÒªµÄ°ïÖú£¬Ðè²ÉÓÃÏµÍ³È«Ãæ»¯µÄ·½Ê½¶ÔËù²âÁ¿³öµÄÐÅÏ¢Êý¾Ý½øÐпÆÑ§Åж¨¼°±£´æ£¬×îºóÔÙ½«Æä½øÐÐÊä³ö´¦Àí¡£²â»æÖÊÁ¿ÌåϵµÄ¿ÆÑ§½¡È«ÍêÉÆÐèÂú×ã¹ú¼ÒÏà¹Ø±ê×¼¹æ¶¨¡£ÔÚ½¡È«ÍêÉÆÏà¹ØÖÊÁ¿±£ÕÏÌåϵºó£¬»¹ÐèÔËÓÿÆÑ§ÕýÈ·µÄ²Ù×÷¼°¹ÜÀí·½Ê½½øÐÐ²â»æ×÷Òµ¡£¶ÔÓÚ²â»æÖÊÁ¿µÄ±£ÕÏÄܹ»Æðµ½Á¼ºÃ´Ù½ø×÷ÓõÄÖ÷Òª·½·¨´ëʩΪ£º½«Ïà¹ØµÄ¹ÜÀí»úÖÆ½øÐпÆÑ§¸Ä½øÍêÉÆ£»»ý¼«Ã÷È·³ö·ûºÏ¹¤³ÌÏîĿʩ¹¤Êµ¼ÊµÄ²â»æ±ê×¼µÈ£¬´Ó¶ø½øÒ»²½°ïÖúÌáÉý²â»æÖÊÁ¿¡£

3.2 ÓÅ»¯»·¾³£¬¸üÐÂÉ豸

ÔÚÕýʽ½øÐÐ²â»æ¹¤×÷ʱ£¬ÕûÌå»·¾³Ò²ÊDz»¿ÉºöÂÔµÄÒ»µã¡£ÔÚ²â»æ¹ý³ÌÖУ¬Ðè¶Ôʵ¼ÊËù´¦»·¾³½øÐгä·ÖµÄ·ÖÎö¿¼Á¿£¬¶ÔËùÔËÓÃµÄ²â»æ·½Ê½½øÐиÄÁ¼£¬ÒԴ˽«»·¾³¶ÔÓÚ²â»æ×÷ÓõIJ»ÀûÓ°Ï쾡¿ÉÄܵؽµµ½×îµÍ¡£ÁíÍ⣬»¹Ðè¶Ô»·¾³´ø¸ø²â»æ½á¹ûµÄÖî¶à²»ÀûÓ°Ïì½øÐÐÕûÌåÈ«Ãæ»¯µÄ·ÖÎöÑо¿£¬¾¡¿ÉÄܵؽ«¸÷ÖÖ²»ÀûÓ°ÏìÅųýÔÚÍâ¡£

²â»æ¹ý³ÌÖÐËùÔËÓõÄÉ豸ÒÇÆ÷¶ÔÓÚ×îÖÕ²âÁ¿½á¹ûÒ²»á²úÉúÖ±½ÓÐÔµÄÓ°Ïì[3]¡£Òò´Ë£¬ÔÚÈÕ³£¹¤×÷ÖÐÒ²Ó¦×ÅÖØ¹Ø×¢²â»æÉ豸µÄάÐÞÑø»¤£¬¶¨ÆÚ¶ÔÆäʵÐмìÐÞ¹¤×÷¡£ÈçÔÚ¼ìÐÞÖз¢ÏÖ²â»æÉ豸´æÔÚ×é×°´íÎó»òÊÇÁ㲿¼þȱʧµÄÇé¿ö£¬ÔòÓ¦¶ÔÆä²ÉÈ¡¸ü»»´¦Àí¡£É豸ÒÇÆ÷µÄ¸üл»´ú¹¤×÷Ò²ÊDz»¿ÉºöÂԵģ¬Ó¦¾¡¿ÉÄܵØÒýÈëһЩÏȽøµÄÉ豸ÒÇÆ÷£¬²¢¶ÔÏà¹ØµÄÔËÓ÷½·¨½øÐиÄÁ¼¡£

4.½áÓï

½¨Öþ¹¤³ÌÏîĿʩ¹¤ÖУ¬²â»æ¼¼ÊõÔÚÆäÖеÄÓ¦Ó÷¶Î§½ÏΪ¹ã·º£¬ÇÒÆäÕûÌåÖÊÁ¿Ë®Æ½½«»á¶ÔÕû¸ö¹¤³ÌµÄ½¨ÉèÖÊÁ¿²úÉúÖ±½ÓÐÔµÄÓ°Ïì¡£¶ÔÊ©¹¤²â»æ¼¼Êõ½øÐзÖÎöÑо¿£¬Äܹ»°ïÖúÔöÇ¿¼ÓÉîÈËÃǶԴËÁìÓò֪ʶµÄÁ˽⣬ΪÆä½ñºóµÄ·¢Õ¹Ìṩ°ïÖú¡£

¡¾²Î¿¼ÎÄÏס¿

[1]³ÂÉÐÃ÷.ÂÛ½¨Öþ¹¤³ÌÖеÄÊ©¹¤²â»æ¼¼Êõ[J].ÃñÓª¿Æ¼¼£¬2013£¨11£©£º190.

[2]¿×º£·å.½¨ÖþÊ©¹¤ÖÐµÄ²â»æ¼¼Êõ̽ÌÖ[J].ÏÖ´ú×°ÊÎÀíÂÛ£¬2012£¨08£©£º188.

[3]Îâ·æÎ°.ÂÛ½¨Öþ¹¤³ÌÖеÄÊ©¹¤²â»æ¼¼Êõ[J].³ÇÊн¨ÉèÀíÂÛÑо¿£¬2013£¨09£©£º131-135.