¡¾Õª Òª¡¿¹¤³Ì½¨ÉèÖÐÊ©¹¤²âÁ¿ÊÇ×îÖØÒªµÄ¼¼ÊõÊֶΣ¬Ò²ÊÇÔÚÊ©¹¤¹ý³ÌÖÐ×îÖØÒªµÄ³ÌÐòÖ®Ò»¡£Ê©¹¤²âÁ¿×îÖØÒªµÄ¾ÍÊÇÒªÂú×ãÊ©¹¤ÒªÇóµÄ¾«¶È£¬ÓÃ×î¼òµ¥¡¢×îÊ¡Á¦µÄ°ì·¨´ïµ½×î¼ÑµÄЧ¹û¡£±¾ÎÄÖ÷ÒªÕë¶ÔÊ©¹¤²âÁ¿Öи÷²âÁ¿Êֶλò·½·¨µÄ¾«¶È½øÐзÖÎö£¬À´Ì½¾¿Ê©¹¤²âÁ¿Ð¼¼ÊõÔÚÊ©¹¤ÖеÄÓ¦Óá£
¡¾¹Ø¼ü´Ê¡¿Ê©¹¤²âÁ¿£»²â»æм¼Êõ£»Ó¦ÓÃ̽¾¿
Ê©¹¤²âÁ¿ÖÐÓкܶà²âÁ¿µÄ²âÁ¿ÒÇÆ÷ºÍ¹Û²âÁ¿ÊֶΡ£Ö»ÒªÄÜÔÚÊ©¹¤²âÁ¿Öб£Ö¤¹¤³Ì²âÁ¿ÒªÇóµÄ¾«¶È£¬¶øÇÒÄÜÔڽ϶Ìʱ¼äÄÚÓÃ×î¼ò±ãµÄÊÖ·¨´ïµ½Ô¤ÆÚµÄЧ¹û£¬ÕâÑù¾ÍÊÇ×îºÃµÄ²âÁ¿¼¼Êõ¡£
Ò»¡¢¹¤³ÌÊ©¹¤²âÁ¿¶Ô¾«¶ÈµÄÒªÇó
½¨É蹤³ÌÖÐÊ©¹¤²âÁ¿¶Ô¾«¶ÈµÄÒªÇó±È½Ï¸ß£¬¸÷ÖÖ²âÁ¿µÄ¾«¶È¶¼±ØÐëÒªÂú×ã¹¹ÖþÎïÔڸ̺߳ÍƽÃæλÖÃÉϵÄÉè¼ÆÒªÇó¡£Æäʵ£¬½¨ÖþÎïµÄ·ÅÑùÊÇ°´ÕÕÊ©¹¤µÄ¿ØÖÆÍøÀ´½øÐеģ¬Æ侫¶ÈµÄÒªÇóÊÇËæ׏¤³ÌµÄÐÔÖʺͽ¨Öþ²ÄÁϵÄÊ©¹¤·½·¨¡¢½á¹¹µÈÒòËضø¸Ä±äµÄ¡£¶ø¶¨Î»µÄ¾«¶È¿ÉÒÔ¸ù¾ÝÊ©¹¤³¡µØµÄÃæ»ýºÍ²âÁ¿µÄÓйع淶À´È·¶¨¡£
²»Í¬µÄ¹¤³ÌÐÔÖÊ£¬¾ßÓв»Í¬µÄÉú²ú¹¤ÒÕ£¬Òò´Ë²âÁ¿µÄ¾«¶ÈÒ²²»Ïàͬ¡£ºÜ¶àÐÐÒµµÄ²¿ÃÅרÃÅÖƶ¨ÁËÐÐÒµ²âÁ¿µÄ¹æ·¶£º¡¶¹¤³Ì²âÁ¿¹æ·¶¡·¡¢¡¶Ë®ÀûË®µç¹¤³Ì²âÁ¿¹æ·¶¡·¡¢¡¶Ìú·²âÁ¿¼¼Êõ¹æ·¶¡·µÈ¡£
²Î¿¼Ïà¹Ø¹æ·¶£¬Õë¶Ô¹¤³ÌµÄ¾«¶ÈÒªÇó£¬Èç¹ûûÓоßÌå¹æ¶¨£¬ÔòÐèÒªÏà¹Ø¼¼ÊõÈËÔ±¸ù¾Ý¾ßÌ幤³ÌÏîÄ¿µÄ²âÁ¿¡¢Ê©¹¤ºÍ¼Ó¹¤ÖÆÔì·½ÃæÀ´½øÐÐÎó²î·ÖÅ䣬´Ó¶øµÃ³ö²âÁ¿¹¤×÷µÄ¾ßÌ徫¶È¡£
¶þ¡¢²â»æм¼Êõ£¨ÐÂÒÇÆ÷£©ÔÚÊ©¹¤²âÁ¿ÖеÄÔËÓÃ
£¨Ò»£©²â»æм¼ÊõµÄ³öÏÖ
1.ÉϸöÊÀ½ç80Äê´úÒÔÀ´£¬ÔÚµØÃæ²âÁ¿ÖгöÏÖÁËÐí¶à¸ß¿Æ¼¼µÄ²âÁ¿ÒÇÆ÷£ºÈ«Õ¾ÒÇ¡¢¾«Ãܲâ¾àÒÇ¡¢¹âµç²â¾àÒÇ¡¢µç×ӾγÒÇ¡¢µç×ÓË®×¼ÒÇ¡¢Êý×ÖË®×¼ÒÇ¡¢¼¤¹âɨƽÒÇ¡¢¼¤¹â×¼Ö±ÒǵÈһϵÁеç×ÓÒÇÆ÷£¬Ê¹µÃ¹¤³Ì²âÁ¿Ô½À´Ô½ÈËÐÔ»¯¡¢×Ô¶¯»¯ºÍÊý×Ö»¯¡£¸Ä±äÁË´«Í³µÄ²âÁ¿ÊֶΣ¬³ÉΪµÀ·²âÁ¿¡¢Ê©¹¤²âÁ¿µÈÖ÷ÒªµÄ²âÁ¿·½·¨¡£ÓÐÁËеļ¼ÊõºÍÒÇÆ÷£¬¹âµç²â¾à´úÌæÁËÈý¡¢ËĵÈË®×¼²âÁ¿ºÍ¸ß³Ì²âÁ¿£»²â¾àµ¼ÏßÍø¡¢±ß½ÇÍøºÍÈý±ßÍøÖð½¥È¡´úÁËÈý½ÇÍø²âÁ¿£»²¢ÔÚÊ©¹¤·ÅÑù²âÁ¿ÖÐÔËÓÃÁ¬ÐøÏÔʾ¹¦ÄܺÍ×Ô¶¯¸ú×ٵŦÄÜ£»¶ÔÓÚÄÑÒÔÅÊÅÀºÍÎÞ·¨µ½´ïµÄ²âÁ¿µã£¬¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÃâÀâ¾µµÄ²âÁ¿ÊÖ·¨£»´«Í³µÄ»ùÏß²âÁ¿ÒѾ±»¾«Ãܲâ¾àÒÇÌæ´ú£¬¶øµç×ÓËÙ²âÒÇÔÚ¹¤³Ìϸ²¿²âÁ¿ÖоßÓÐÖØÒªµÄ×÷Óá£ÔÚµØÃæµÄ²âÁ¿¼¼ÊõÖУ¬ÓÈÆäÊǵç×ӾγÒǺÍÈ«Õ¾ÒǵÄʹÓã¬Òâζ×ÅÎÒ¹úµÄ²âÁ¿¼¼ÊõÕýÔÚ·ÉËÙ·¢Õ¹¡£
2.Ä¿Ç°ÔÚ´óÃæ»ý»ìÄýÍÁ½¨ÖþºÍ¸ß³Ì½¨Öþ¹¤³ÌµÄÊ©¹¤ÖвúÉúÁËÒ»ÖÖÖØÒªÒÇÆ÷¾ÍÊǼ¤¹â×¼Ö±ÒǺͼ¤¹âɨÃèÒÇ¡£¼¤¹âË®×¼ÒÇ¡¢¼Ç¼ʽµÄ¾«Ãܲ¹³¥Ë®×¼ÒǺÍ×Ô¶¯°²Æ½Ë®×¼Òǵļ¼Êõ£¬¼õÉÙÁË´«Í³Ë®×¼²âÁ¿ÖÐÈ˹¤°²Æ½¡¢¶ÁÊé¡¢¼Ç¼¼ìºËÊý¾ÝµÄ·±Ëö³ÌÐò£¬´ó´óÌá¸ßÁ˲âÁ¿µÄЧÂÊ¡£
3.¶ÔÓھγÒÇ£¬Æä¾ßÓÐ×Ô¶¯¸ÄÕýÒÇÆ÷µÄϵͳ²î¡¢×Ô¶¯¼Ç¼Êý¾Ý¡¢×Ô¶¯¹é»¯¼ÆËã¡¢×Ô¶¯É¨³ý½Ç¶È²âÁ¿¡¢Ïû³ý¶ÁÅ̵ķֻ®Îó²îºÍÆ«ÐIJîµÈÓÐÓŵ㡣
4.È«Õ¾ÒÇ×÷ΪʵÓÃÐÔ×îÇ¿µÄÒÇÆ÷£¬¾ßÓС°ÈË»ú½»»¥¡±µÄ¹¦ÄÜ¡£¿ÉÒÔÀûÓÃÈ«Õ¾ÒÇÔÚÒ°Íâ²âÁ¿Êý¾Ý£¬Í¨¹ýµç×ÓÊÖ±¡¼Ç¼µ½ÒÇÆ÷ÖУ¬ÄÚÒµ´¦Àíʱ½«Êý¾Ý´«µ½µçÄÔÖУ¬È»ºó¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÈí¼þ½«²âÁ¿Êý¾Ý½øÐд¦ÀíºÍ±à¼£¬»æÖƳöÏëÒªµÄµØÐÎͼ¡£»¹¿ÉÒÔ½øÐÐÊ©¹¤·ÅÑùµÈ¶àÖÖ²âÁ¿·½Ê½£¬È«Õ¾ÒÇÊÇÊý×Ö»¯²úÆ·µÄÌåÏÖ¡£
5.GPS¼¼ÊõÒÔ¼°RTK¼¼ÊõµÄ³öÏÖ£¬Ê¹¹¤³Ì²âÁ¿ÂõÏòÊý×Ö»¯½ø³Ì¼Ó¿ìÁ˽Ų½¡£
6.ÍÓÂݾγÒÇÖ÷ÒªÓ¦Óõķ½ÃæÓÐËíµÀ¡¢¿óɽ¹¤³ÌµÈ£¬ÓÉ΢»ú¿ØÖÆ£¬²»ÊÜÍâ½ç¸ÉÈÅ¡¢×Ô¶¯Á¬ÐøµÄ¹Û²â£¬¾«¶È¸ß¡¢Ê±¼ä¶Ì¡£
£¨¶þ£©²â»æм¼ÊõµÄÓ¦ÓÃ
1.È«Õ¾ÒǵÄÓ¦ÓÃ
×÷Ϊʩ¹¤²âÁ¿ÒÇÆ÷ÖеĶ¥ÁºÖù£¬¿ÉÒÔÔÚÒ»¸ö²âÕ¾ÉÏͬʱ½øÐнǶȺ;àÀëµÄ²âÁ¿£¬²¢ÄÜͬʱ¼ÆËã³öËùÐèÒªµÄ¸ß³ÌºÍ×ø±êµÈÊý¾Ý¡£ÆäÔÚÒ»´Î¹Û²âÖпÉÒÔͬʱµÃµ½Ð±¾à¡¢Ë®Æ½½ÇºÍ´¹Ö±½ÇµÈ»ù±¾Êý¾Ý£¬²¢ÇÒÈ«Õ¾ÒÇÄÚ¾ßÓÐÇ¿´óµÄ¼ÆËãÈí¼þ¿ÉÒÔ¿ìËٵĽ«¸ß²î¡¢×ø±êÔöÁ¿ºÍƽ¾àµÈÐÅÏ¢¼ÆËã²¢ÏÔʾÔÚÆÁÄ»ÉÏ¡£Ä¿Ç°È«Õ¾ÒÇÖ÷ÒªµÄ²âÁ¿·½·¨ÓУº
£¨1£©ºó·½½»»á
ºó·½½»»áÊÇÖ¸£º½«È«Õ¾ÒÇ°²ÖÃÔÚÒ»¸öδ֪µãÉÏ£¬¹Û²â¶à¸öÒÑÖªµãµÄ¾àÀë»òÕ߽Ƕȣ¬ÊäÈëÒÇÆ÷¸ß¡¢¾µ¸ßºÍÒÑÖªµãµÄ×ø±ê£¬È»ºó¾Í¿ÉÒÔ¼ÆËã³öδ֪µãµÄ×ø±êÊý¾Ý¡£
£¨2£©Ðü¸ß²âÁ¿
Ðü¸ß²âÁ¿ÊÇÈ«Õ¾ÒÇÖÐÒ»ÖÖ³£ÓõIJâÁ¿ÊֶΣ¬Èç¹ûÒª²âÁ¿²»ÄÜ·ÅÀâ¾µ»òÕßÄÑÒÔ´ïµ½µÄ¸ß¶Èʱ£¬¿ÉÒÔÀûÓÃÐü¸ß²âÁ¿ÔÚ²âÁ¿Ä¿±êµÄÏ·½»òÕßÉÏ·½°²ÖÃÀâ¾µ£¬ÊäÈëÀâ¾µ¸ß£¬Ãé×¼Àâ¾µ¹Û²â£¬È»ºóÃé׼Ŀ±ê£¬È«Õ¾ÒÇ»á¿ìËÙÏÔʾ¹Û²âÄ¿±êµÄ¸ß¶ÈÖµ¡£
£¨3£©¶Ô±ß²âÁ¿
¶Ô²âÁ¿ÊÇÔÚÈÎÒâµã¼ÜÕ¾£¬ÒÀ´ÎÃé×¼Á½¸öÀâ¾µ£¬È»ºó¹Û²âÆä¾àÀëºÍ½Ç¶È£¬ÒÇÆ÷×Ô¶¯¼ÆËã³öÁ½Ä¿±êÖ®¼äµÄ¸ß²î¡¢Æ½¾à¡¢Ð±¾àºÍƶȵÈÊý¾ÝÐÅÏ¢¡£Èô¸ÃµãΪÒÑÖªµã£¬ÇÒºóÊÓÕýÈ·ÉèÖã¬ÄÇôÒÇÆ÷»¹¿ÉÒÔ½«Á½Ä¿±êµãµÄ·½Î»½Ç¼ÆËã³öÀ´¡£
£¨4£©Æ«ÐIJâÁ¿
Æ«ÐIJâÁ¿ÊÇÖ¸µ±´ý¶¨µã²»ÄÜÉèÁ¢À⾵ʱ£¬½«Àâ¾µ°²ÖÃÔÚ´ý¶¨µãµÄÁíÒ»¶Ë£¬¹¹³ÉµÈÑüÈý½ÇÐΣ¬¹Û²âÆ«Ðĵ㣬Ȼºó¹Û²â´ý¶¨µã£¬ÒÇÆ÷ͬʱ¼ÆËã³ö´ý¶¨µãµÄ×ø±êÊý¾Ý¡£
2.GPS²âÁ¿¼¼Êõ
GPS¼¼ÊõÉè¼ÆµÄ³õÆÚÊÇÓÃÀ´µ¼º½µÄ£¬µ«Êǽá¹û·¢ÏÖ£¬GPSµÄ¾²Ì¬¶¨Î»¾«¶È¿ÉÒÔ¿ØÖÆÔÚÀåÃ×ÉõÖÁºÁÃ×ÒÔÄÚ£¬Òò´ËºóÀ´½«GPSÓ¦ÓÃÓÚ¹¤³Ì²âÁ¿ÖÐÒ²ÊÇÀíËùµ±È»µÄ¡£
Ä¿Ç°£¬GPSÎÀÐǵĶ¨Î»¼¼Êõ²»µ«¿ÉÒÔÓ¦ÓÃÓÚ½¨Á¢½Ï¸ß¾«¶ÈµÄ²âÁ¿¿ØÖÆÍø£¬½¨Á¢Â½µØº£Ñó²âÁ¿»ù×¼£¬½øÐи߾«¶ÈµÄº£Ñó²âÁ¿£¬»¹¿ÉÒÔÔÚ¹¤³Ì²âÁ¿ÖÐʹÓ㬶ÔÓÚ½¨Á¢¹¤³Ì¿ØÖÆÍøºÍ³ÇÊпØÖÆÍøÆ𵽺ܺõÄ×÷Óá£
GPS²âÁ¿µÄ¼¼ÊõÌØÉ«£º
£¨1£©¿ÉÒÔʵʱ¶¨Î»£¬ÄÜ׼ȷ²â¶¨Ô˶¯Ä¿±êµÄËٶȺÍÈýά¾«¶È¡£
£¨2£©¶¨Î»¾«¶È¸ß£¬ÔÚ1·ÖÖÓÖ®ÄÚ¿ìËÙ»ñÈ¡µÄ¶¨Î»¾«¶È¿É´ï +0.1m¾àÀë¡£Èç¹ûÊÇÔÚ20·ÖÖÓÖ®ÄÚµÄÔز¨ÏàλµÄÏà¶Ô¶¨Î»¿ÉÒÔ´ïµ½ +5mm¾àÀë¡£
£¨3£©¶¨Î»Ê±¼ä¶Ì£¬ÊµÊ±¶¯Ì¬¶¨Î»ÔÚ¼¸ÃëÖÓ±ã¿ÉÍê³ÉÒ»´Î²âÁ¿Êý¾ÝÊÕ¼¯¡£
£¨4£©²âÁ¿¿ØÖƵãÖ®¼äÎÞÐèͨÊÓ£¬Ö»ÒªÇó¹Û²âÕ¾µÄÉÏ·½15¶ÈÒÔÄÚûÓÐÕÚµ²Îï¼È¿ÉÂú×ã²âÁ¿ÒªÇó¡£
£¨5£©½ÓÊÜÌì¿ÕÖÐGPSÎÀÐǵÄÐźţ¬ËùÒÔ¿ÉÒÔÈ«Ììºò×÷Òµ£¬²»ÊÜÆøºò»·¾³µÄÓ°Ïì¡£
3.RTK¼¼ÊõµÄÓ¦ÓÃ
RTKÊÇÔÚGPSµÄ»ù´¡ÉÏÑÐÖƳöÀ´µÄ×îм¼Êõ£¬¼´ÊµÊ±Ôز¨Ïàλ²âÁ¿¡£½üЩÄêRTK¼¼ÊõÖð²½³ÉÊ죬ÆäÖ÷ÒªÓŵãÓУº
£¨1£©È«ÇòÄÚ¾ù¿ÉʹÓ㬲»ÊÜʱ¼ä¡¢ÆøºòÌõ¼þºÍͨÊÓÌõ¼þµÄÓ°Ïì¡£
£¨2£©Ê©¹¤·ÅÑùÖУ¬RTK¿ÉÒÔʵʱ»ñµÃÀåÃ×¼¶µÄ¾«¶ÈµÈ¼¶£¬¶Ôºó´¦Àí»ñµÃÀåÃ×¼¶¾«¶Èµãλ×ø±êÀ´Ëµ£¬Ôںܴó³Ì¶ÈÉÏÌá¸ßÁË×÷ҵЧÂÊ£¬±£Ö¤ÁËÊý¾ÝÖÊÁ¿£¬Ò²À©´óÁËGPSµÄ²âÁ¿ÁìÓò¡£
£¨3£©³£¹æµÄGPS¾²Ì¬²âÁ¿£¬ÍâÒµ²âÁ¿Öв»ÖªµÀµãλµÄ¾«¶ÈºÍÎó²îÊÇ·ñ³¬³öÁËÉè¼ÆÒªÇó£¬Èç¹û³¬³ö»¹ÐèҪϴÎÖØзµ²â£¬³ÌÐò¸´ÔÓ¡£¶øRTK²âÁ¿¾Í¿ÉÒÔÔÚʵʱʵµØµÄ´«³ö²âÁ¿Êý¾Ý£¬Èô²»ºÏ¸ñ£¬ÂíÉϲâÁ¿Ö±µ½ºÏ¸ñΪֹ£¬Ê¡È¥ÁË·±ÔӵĹý³Ì£¬Ìá¸ßÁ˹¤×÷ЧÂÊ¡£
£¨4£©Ê¹ÓÃRTKʱֻÐèÒ»¸öÈËÔÚ²âÁ¿µÄµØµãÉÏÕ¾Ò»Á½ÃëµÄʱ¼ä¼´¿ÉÍê³ÉÒ»´Î²âÁ¿Êý¾ÝµÄÊÕ¼¯¡£×îºó½«²âÁ¿ÍêµÄÊý¾Ýͨ¹ý¼ÆËã»ú»æÖƳɵØÐÎͼµÈ¡£´ó´óÌá¸ßÁ˲âÁ¿µÄЧÂÊ¡£
4.¼¤¹âǦ´¹ÒǵÄÔËÓÃ
¼¤¹âǦ´¸ÒÇÄܹ»ÓÃ×÷ÊúÖ±¶¨Î»µÄרҵ»¯ÒÇÆ÷£¬Ö÷ÒªÓ¦ÓÃÓڸ߲㽨ÖþÎïµÄÊúÖ±¶¨Î»£¬ÆäÄÚ²¿Ö÷ÒªÊÇÓÉÊýÖá¡¢·¢ÉäÍûÔ¶¾µ¡¢¼¤¹âÆ÷µÈ×é³É£¬Äܹ»¿ìËٵĽøÐÐÊ©¹¤·ÅÑù£¬¼Ó¿ìÁ˲âÁ¿¹¤×÷µÄ½øÐС£
Èý¡¢½áÊøÓï
Ëæ×Åʱ´úµÄ²»¶Ï½ø²½£¬Ê©¹¤²âÁ¿ÖлáÖð½¥³öÏÖÔ½À´Ô½¶àµÄ¸ß¿Æ¼¼²âÁ¿ÒÇÆ÷ºÍ¼¼Êõ¡£Ö»ÓÐÔËÓúÃÕâЩ²âÁ¿ÊֶΣ¬²âÁ¿ÈËÔ±ÔÚ¹¤³ÌÊ©¹¤²âÁ¿ÖвſÉÒÔÇáËÉ¡¢¸ßЧµÄÍê³ÉÈÎÎñ¡£
²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ×£º
[1] ·¶ÂÚ.dz̸ʩ¹¤²âÁ¿Öвâ»æм¼Êõ[J].Öйúм¼ÊõвúÆ·£¬2010£¬£¨22£©£º102-103.
[2] ÁõÓ¦Àû.²â»æм¼ÊõÔÚÊ©¹¤²âÁ¿ÖеÄÓ¦ÓÃ[J].ʯ¼ÒׯÌú·¹¤³ÌÖ°Òµ¼¼ÊõѧԺѧ±¨£¬2004£¬3£¨z1£©£º112-115.
[3] ÎÂÇìÀ¤.Ê©¹¤²âÁ¿Öвâ»æм¼ÊõµÄÓ¦ÓÃ×ÛÊö[J].³ÇÊн¨ÉèÀíÂÛÑо¿£¨µç×Ӱ棩£¬2012£¬£¨9£©.
[4] ÎÂÇìÀ¤.Ê©¹¤²âÁ¿Öвâ»æм¼ÊõµÄÓ¦ÓÃ×ÛÊö[J].³ÇÊн¨ÉèÀíÂÛÑо¿£¨µç×Ӱ棩£¬2012£¬£¨8£©.
