¡¡ÕªÒª£ºËæ×ž­¼ÃµÄ·ÉËÙ·¢Õ¹,³ÇÊн¨ÉèµÄËÙ¶ÈÒ²Öð½¥¼Ó¿ì,ΪÁ˽ÚÔ¼ÍÁµØ×ÊÔ´,ÏÖ´ú³ÇÊн¨ÖþÈÕÇ÷Ïò¸ß¿Õ·¢Õ¹,¸ß²ã½¨ÖþµÄÊýÁ¿Ô½À´Ô½¶à¡£±¾ÎÄÖ¸³öÁ˸߲㽨ÖþµÄ»ðÔÖÌØµã,Ö÷ҪΪ£º»ðÔÖÒþ»¼¶à¡¢»ðÔÖÆË¾ÈÀ§ÄÑ¡¢ÈËÔ±ÊèÉ¢À§ÄÑ¡¢¾­¼ÃËðʧ´ó¡£¹éÄÉ×ܽáÁËÎÒ¹ú¸ß²ã½¨ÖþÏû·À¸øË®µÄÏÖ×´¼°´æÔÚµÄÎÊÌâ,Ö÷ÒªÓУºÏû·ÀÉè¼Æ²»¹æ·¶¡¢Ïû·ÀÉèÊ©ÅäÌ×¼°·À·¶´ëÊ©²»µ½Î»¡¢Î¬ÐÞ±£Ñø¹ÜÀí»úÖÆ²»ÍêÉÆ¡¢Ïû·À°²È«Òâʶµ­±¡¡£Õë¶ÔÎÊÌâÓë²»×ã,Ìá³öÁËÏà¹ØµÄ½â¾ö¶Ô²ß,Ö÷ҪΪ£º×öºÃ½¨ÖþµÄ·À»ðÉè¼Æ¡¢ÉèÖñØÒªµÄ½¨ÖþÏû·ÀÉèÊ©¡¢½¨Á¢½¡È«¸÷ÏîÖÆ¶È¡¢Ìá¸ßÏû·À°²È«Òâʶ¡£

¡¡¡¡¹Ø¼ü´Ê£º¸ß²ã½¨Öþ£»Ïû·À¸øË®£»ÎÊÌâ·ÖÎö

¡¡¡¡ÖÐͼ·ÖÀàºÅ£º[TU208.3] ÎÄÏ×±êʶÂ룺A ÎÄÕ±àºÅ£º

¡¡¡¡1. ÒýÑÔ

¡¡¡¡Ëæ×ž­¼ÃµÄ·ÉËÙ·¢Õ¹£¬³ÇÊн¨ÉèµÄËÙ¶ÈÒ²Ö𽥼ӿ죬ΪÁ˽ÚÔ¼ÍÁµØ×ÊÔ´£¬ÏÖ´ú³ÇÊн¨ÖþÈÕÇ÷Ïò¸ß¿Õ·¢Õ¹£¬¸ß²ã½¨ÖþµÄÊýÁ¿Ô½À´Ô½¶à¡£ÿý²ã½¨ÖþµÄ³öÏÖ£¬ÔÚÒ»¶¨³Ì¶ÈÉϼÈ˵Ã÷ÁËÏÖ´ú¿ÆÑ§¼¼ÊõµÄ½ø²½£¬ÓÖ±êÖ¾×ųÇÊеķ¢Õ¹¡£È»¶ø£¬¸ß²ã½¨ÖþµÄÏû·ÀÎÊÌ⣬ȴÊÇÈ«ÊÀ½çÃæÁٵĹ²Í¬ÄÑÌâ¡£

¡¡¡¡¸ß²ã½¨ÖþµÄ½á¹¹¹¦ÄܱȽϸ´ÔÓ£¬Ê¹ÓÃÈËÊý¶à£¬ÈËÔ±Á÷¶¯Æµ·±.ÑÌÈâЧӦÃ÷ÏÔ£¬Ò»µ©·¢Éú»ðÔÖ£¬»ðÊÆÃÍ¡¢ÂûÑÓѸËÙ¡£¸ß²ã½¨Öþ·¢Éú»ðÔÖʱÈÈÿýÉäÇ¿¡¢ÑÌÎíŨ¡¢Í¾¾¶¶à£¬Ê¹µÃÆË¾È»ðÔÖµÄÄѶȼӴó¡£ÊúÏò¾®µÀÔì³ÉÑÌ´ÑЧӦ£¬¼ÓËÙ»ðÊÆÍù¸ß´¦ÂûÑÓ¡£¸ß²ã½¨ÖþÓÉÓڸ߶Ƚϸߣ¬ÆÕͨÏû·À³µµÄ¹©Ë®¸ß¶ÈÒÑÔ¶Ô¶²»ÄÜ´ïµ½ÒªÇ󣬶øÄ¿Ç°×îÏȽøµÄµÇ¸ßÏû·À³µÒ»°ãÒ²Ö»ÄÜ´ïµ½50 m×óÓÒ£¬ÏÔÈ»²»ÄÜÂú×ã¸ß²ã½¨Öþ·À»ð¾ÈÔÖµÄÐèÒª¡£¸ß²ã½¨ÖþµÄʹÓÃÈËÊý¶à£¬ÈËÔ±×éÖ¯ÊèÉ¢¹¤×÷Á¿´ó£¬¶ø¶ÔÓÚ¹«¹²½¨Öþ»ò±ö¹ÝÐÔÖʵĽ¨Öþ£¬Òò²»ÊìϤ»·¾³Ê¹ÊèÉ¢¸üΪÀ§ÄÑ¡£Ò»°ãÇé¿öÏ£¬ÈËÔÚŨÑÌÖÐ2~3min¼´»áÖÏÏ¢Ôε¹¡£ÔÚÑÌ´ÑЧӦµÄ×÷ÓÃÏ£¬ÑÌÆøÑ¸ËÙÂûÑÓ£¬ÓÉÓÚº¬ÑõÁ¿½ÏÉÙ£¬Óк¦ÆøÌå½Ï¶à£¬ºÜÈÝÒ×Ôì³ÉÖж¾ËÀÍö£¬Ê¹µÃ°²È«ÊèÉ¢ÄÑÉϼÓÄÑ¡£¸ß²ã½¨Öþ´ó¶¼ÊǸֽî»ìÄýÍÁ»òÕ߸ֽṹ£¬ËäÈ»²»»áȼÉÕ£¬µ«µ±´ïµ½Ò»¶¨Î¶Èʱ£¬¸Ö½î»ìÄýÍÁ¾Í»á³öÏÖÁѷ죬ʹǿ¶È½µµÍÒ»°ë×óÓÒ¡£Í¬Ê±ÓÉÓÚÂ¥¸ß£¬ÈËÔ±ÊèÉ¢ºÍ»ðÔÖÆË¾ÈÊ®·ÖÀ§ÄÑ¡£¸ß²ã½¨ÖþÒ»µ©·¢Éú»ðÔÖ£¬Èç²»Äܼ°Ê±ÆËÃð£¬ÍùÍù»áÔì³ÉȺËÀȺÉ˵ÄÑÏÖØºó¹û£¬²¢Ôì³É¾Þ´óµÄ¾­¼ÃËðʧ¡£

¡¡¡¡2. ¸ß²ã½¨ÖþÏû·À¸øË®´æÔÚµÄÎÊÌâ

¡¡¡¡2.1Ïû·ÀÉè¼Æ²»¹æ·¶

¡¡¡¡ÓеÄÉè¼ÆÈËԱûÓÐÖØÊÓ½¨ÖþÎïµÄÏû·ÀÉè¼Æ£¬Ö»ÊÇһζµØ¸ù¾ÝÒµÖ÷ÒªÇóµÄ½¨Öþ²¼¾Ö¡¢ÉèÏë½øÐÐÉè¼Æ£¬²¢Î´¿¼ÂÇÏû·À°²È«£¬ÇÒÓÐЩ½¨ÖþÉè¼Æ»¹Î´Í¨¹ýÏû·À²¿ÃÅÉóºË¡¢ÑéÊÕ£¬¾ÍÒѾ­Í¶ÈëʹÓã¬Òò¶øÎÊÌâºÜ¶à¡£±ÈÈ磬¹©ÈËȺÊèÉ¢µÄÂ¥ÌݼäûÓдﵽ¹æ·¶ÒªÇóµÈµÈ£¬ÕâЩÎÊÌâÒ»µ©Ðγɣ¬¾ÍÐγÉÁ˼«ÄÑÕû¸ÄµÄð󼲡£Ó¦¸ÃÉèÖÃÏû·ÀͨµÀ¶øÃ»ÓÐÉèÖ㬻òÿý¶Ì·À»ð¼ä¾à£¬È±ÉÙʹÏû·À³µË³ÀûͨÐÐµÄÆ½Ì¹¿ÕµØ£¬ÑÏÖØÓ°ÏìÁ˰²È«ÊèÉ¢Óë»ðÔÖÆË¾È¹¤×÷¡£ºÜ¶àÉè¼ÆÖн«Ïû»ð˨ÏäÖ±½ÓÏâǶÔÚǽÌåÀµ¼ÖÂǽÌåµÄÄÍ»ð¼«ÏÞ²»·ûºÏ¹æ¶¨¡£È¼ÓÍ¡¢È¼ÆøÉ豸µÄºÏÀíÉèÖúʹ¢ÓÍ¡¢Å䯸µÄ·À»ð°²È«Éè¼Æ£¬ÊÇ´ý½â¾öµÄÏû·À¼¼ÊõÎÊÌâÖ®Ò»¡£

¡¡¡¡2009Äê4ÔÂ19ÈÕ£¬ÄϾ©Öл·¹ú¼Ê¹ã³¡·¢Éú»ðÔÖ£¬¾­µ÷²é£¬»ðÔÖÔ­Òòϵ¿Õµ÷°²×°ÈËÔ±ÔÚ½øÐк¸½Ó×÷ҵʱ£¬º¸ÔüµôÂ䣬ÒýȼÊú²ÛÏ·½µÄ¿ÉȼÎÓÉÓÚÔ¤Áô¿Õµ÷ÊÒÍâ»ú°Ú·Å½á¹¹Éè¼Æ²»ºÏÀí£¬ÓýǸÖÖ§³Å£¬ÇҽǸֲ»¹»¿í£¬ÖÂʹ°²×°¹¤È˶¯»ðµçº¸¼Ó¿í½Ç¸Ö£»×°ÓпÉȼÎïµÄÊú²ÛÄÚ£¬Ã»ÓзÀ»ð·Ö¸ô£¬¼ìÐÞ¿×¶´ÃŵÄÄÍ»ðÐÔÄܵͣ¬µ¼ÖÂÊÒÍâ»ú²Û»ðÑæÍ¨¹ý¿×¶´ÂûÑÓÖÁÊÒÄÚ¡£

¡¡¡¡2.2άÐÞ±£Ñø¹ÜÀí»úÖÆ²»ÍêÉÆ

¡¡¡¡Ò»Ð©¸ß²ã½¨ÖþÏû·ÀÉèʩͶÈëʹÓúó£¬Ã»Óж¨ÆÚ¼ìÿýά»¤¡£Ïû·ÀÉèʩά»¤ÊÇ´Ó¼¼ÊõÉϵÄά»¤ºÍÔðÈÎÉϵÄÂäʵ¡£ÓÉÓÚĿǰµÄ¸ß²ã½¨Öþ¶àΪºÏÓûò¶à²úȨ½¨Öþ£¬Ïû·ÀÉèÊ©µÄ°²È«¹ÜÀíÔðÈÎÂäʵ²»µ½Î»£¬Æ½Ê±µÄά»¤¹ÜÀíÎÞÈ˸ºÔð£¬Ò»µ©³öÏÖʹʣ¬¹ÜÀí²¿ÃÅ»¥ÏàÍÆÚã¬ÍÆÐ¶ÔðÈΡ£Ïû·Àµç×Ó²úÆ·ÖÖÀà·±¶à£¬¶ÔºóÐøµÄ¼¼ÊõÖ§³ÖÌá³öÁ˸ü¸ßµÄÒªÇ󣬶øÏû·ÀÖнé·þÎñÈËÔ±µÄרҵ»ù´¡ÖªÊ¶Ç·È±£¬²»¶®¼ì²â¡¢²Ù×÷ºÍά»¤·½ÃæµÄ¼¼Êõ£¬Ôںܴó³Ì¶ÈÉÏ´æÔÚ×ÅÒµÎñ²»¹æ·¶¡¢²»ÊìÁ·¡¢ÔðÈÎÐIJ»Ç¿¡¢ÉÃÀëÖ°ÊØµÈÎÊÌâ¡£

¡¡¡¡2.3Ïû·ÀÉèÊ©ÅäÌ×¼°·À·¶´ëÊ©²»µ½Î»

¡¡¡¡Í¨³£Çé¿öÏ£¬Âú×ãÒªÇóµÄ¡¢×î»ù±¾µÄÏû·ÀÉèʩһ°ãÓУºÊÒÄÚÏû»ð˨¡¢ÉèÓб¨¾¯¿ØÖÆÉ豸ºÍÏû·À¿ØÖÆÉ豸µÄÏû·À¿ØÖÆÊÒ¡¢°²È«Êèɢϵͳ¡¢×Ô¶¯ÅçÁÜ×°Öá¢×Ô¶¯·À»ð¾íÁ±ÏµÍ³¡¢ÅÅÑÌϵͳµÈ¡£¾ÍÎÒ¹úµÄ¹úÇé¶øÑÔ£¬¸ß²ã½¨ÖþµÄÏû·ÀÉèÊ©´æÔںܶàÎÊÌ⣬ÀýÈ磬Ïû·ÀÉèÊ©Å䱸²»ÍêÉÆ£¬Ïû·ÀÉèÊ©±£Ñø²»×㣬ÓÐЩÏû·ÀÉèÊ©±»Í£Ó㬵ȵȡ£

¡¡¡¡2.4Ïû·À°²È«Òâʶµ­±¡

¡¡¡¡ÈËÃñȺÖÚ¶Ô»ðÔÖʹʵÄÔÖÄÑÐÔºó¹ûÈÏʶ²»¹»£¬ÔÚÈÕ³£µÄ¹¤×÷Éú»îÖÐûÓзÀ·¶»ðÔֵݲȫÒâʶ£¬Ïû·À°²È«»ù±¾ÖªÊ¶¡¢×Ô¾ÈÌÓÉú³£Ê¶Ò²Ïà¶ÔØÑ·¦¡£ÓÉÓÚ¾­¼ÃºÍÆäËû·½ÃæµÄÔ­Òò£¬ÓÐЩµ¥Î»¶ÔÏû·À¼à¶½¹ÜÀí²¿ÃÅÏ´ïµÄÒþ»¼Õû¸Ä֪ͨ²»ÓèÖØÊÓ£¬·óÑÜÁËÊ£¬×îÖÕµ¼ÖÂÑø»¼³ÉÔÖ£¬Ð¡»ðÄð³É´ó»ð£¬Ôì³ÉÁ˲»±ØÒªµÄËðʧ£»¸üÓÐЩµ¥Î»Áìµ¼ÈÏΪ·À»ð¹¤×÷ÊÇÏû·À²¿ÃŵÄÊ£¬²»ÊôÓÚ×Ô¼ºµÄ¹¤×÷·¶³ë£¬´æÔÚÂé±ÔºÍ½ÄÐÒÐÄÀí£¬×ö²»µ½·À»¼ÓÚδȻ¡£

¡¡¡¡3. ¸ß²ã½¨ÖþÏû·À¸øË®¶Ô²ß

¡¡¡¡3.1×öºÃ½¨ÖþµÄ·À»ðÉè¼Æ

¡¡¡¡ÓÉÓÚ»ù¿ÓµÄ¿ªÍÚÔì³ÉÂ·ÃæÏ³Á¡¢Â·Ã濪ÁѺ͸ߵͲî½Ï´óÖÂʹ³µÁ¾²»ÄÜÐÐÊ»µÄ£¬Á¢¼´Ó÷À¸¿ª±Ù³ö°ë·ùµÀ·£¬²¢ÂíÉÏÏò½»¾¯²¿Ãű¨¸æÇëÇóÊè½â½»Í¨£¬ÉèÖñØÒªµÄ½»Í¨¾¯Ê¾±êÖ¾£¬²¢ÅÉÈËЭÖú½»¾¯Î¬»¤½»Í¨£¬±£³Ö½»Í¨³©Í¨¡£Èç¹ûÕû¸öÂ·Ãæ´ó¿ªÁÑ£¬³µÁ¾ÎÞ·¨ÐÐÊ»£¬Ó¦¼´·â±Õ½»Í¨£¬²¢ÔÚµÀ·Á½¶ËÉèÖøæÊ¾Åƺͷâ·±êÖ¾£¬²¢ÅÉÈËÔ±Ö¸»Ó½»Í¨¡£²ÉÈ¡µÄ´ëʩΪ:Á¢¼´Í£Ö¹¿ªÍÚ£¬Ôö¼Ó»ù¿ÓÄÚ¸Ö¹ÜÖ§³ÅÊýÁ¿£¬½«Ö§³Å¼ä¾à¼ÓÃÜ»òÓÃÍÁɰ´ü»ØÌî»ù¿Ó½øÐз´Ñ¹¼Ó¹Ì¡£

¡¡¡¡3.2ÉèÖñØÒªµÄ½¨ÖþÏû·ÀÉèÊ©

¡¡¡¡¸ù¾Ý¹ú¼Ò½¨É蹤³ÌÏû·À¼¼Êõ±ê×¼ÒªÇ󣬸߲ãÃñÓý¨ÖþÄÚ£¬°´ÕÕ½¨ÖþÎïµÄʹÓÃÐÔÖÊ¡¢·À»¤ÇøµÄÓйØÌõ¼þÒÔ¼°½¨ÖþÎïµÄ¹æÄ£¡¢½¨Öþ¸ß¶È¡¢»ðÔÖΣÏյȼ¶È·¶¨ÒªÉèÖõÄÏû»ð˨Ãð»ðϵͳ¡¢×Ô¶¯ÅçË®Ãð»ðϵͳ¡¢Ë®ÅçÎíÃð»ðϵͳµÈ£¬´ïµ½ÔçÆÚ·¢ÏÖ£¬¼°Ê±Ãð»ðºÍ×Ô·À×ԾȵÄÄ¿µÄ£¬½«ÆäÏûÃðÔÚ»ðÔÖ³õÆÚ[24]¡£Ò²¿ÉÔڸ߲㽨ÖþÍⲿÉèÖÃһЩ¸¨ÖúµÄÊèÉ¢ÉèÊ©£¬È绺½µÆ÷£¬¼õÉÙ»ðÔÖʱµÄÈËÔ±ÉËÍö¡£

¡¡¡¡3.3½¨Á¢½¡È«¸÷ÏîÖÆ¶È

¡¡¡¡¸ß²ã½¨ÖþµÄ¹ÜÀí²¿ÃÅÓ¦ÖÆ¶¨ºÏÀíÓÐЧµÄ°²È«¹ÜÀíÖÆ¶È£¬½«Ïû·À°²È«¹ÜÀíµÄÖ÷ÌåÔðÈÎÂäʵµ½Î»£»Í¨¹ýÁ¢·¨»ò³ǫ̈¹æ·¶ÐÔÎļþ£¬¼ÓÇ¿¶ÔÏû·ÀÉèÊ©µÄ¼ì²âºÍά»¤±£Ñø·þÎñ»ú¹¹µÄ¹æ·¶ºÍ¹ÜÀí£¬Ã÷È·ºÍÂäʵÏà¹Øµ¥Î»µÄ¹¤×÷Ö°Ô𣬶¨ÆÚ¼ì²â£¬È·±£Î¬»¤±£ÑøµÄʵʩ£¬¼°Ê±·¢ÏÖÎÊÌ⣬¼°Ê±½øÐÐÕû¸Ä£¬È·±£Ïû·ÀÉèÊ©ÔÚÍ»·¢Çé¿öÏÂÄܹ»Õý³£ÔËÐУ¬¼õÉÙÈËÃñȺÖÚµÄÉúÃü²Æ²úËðʧ[25]¡£¿ªÕ¹ÓÐÕë¶ÔÐÔµÄÒµÎñѵÁ·ºÍʵµØÑÝÁ·£¬¼Óǿ֪ʶÅàѵ£¬Ìá¸ßά»¤¹ÜÀíÈËÔ±ºÍÏû·ÀÖнé·þÎñÈËÔ±µÄ×ÛºÏËØÖÊ¡£

¡¡¡¡3.4Ìá¸ßÏû·À°²È«Òâʶ

¡¡¡¡´óÁ¦ÆÕ¼°Ïû·À°²È«ÖªÊ¶£¬ÌáÉýÈ«ÃñÏû·À°²È«Òâʶ¡£Ïû·À¹ÜÀí²¿ÃÅÓ¦»ý¼«×é֯ȫ·½Î»¡¢¶àÐÎʽµÄ·À»ð»ù´¡ÖªÊ¶µÄÐû´«½ÌÓý¹¤×÷£¬Öƶ¨»ðÔÖÓ¦¼±Ô¤°¸£¬¿ªÕ¹Ó¦¼±ÊèÉ¢ÑÝÁ·£¬Ìá¸ßȺÖÚµÄÏû·À°²È«Òâʶ£¬ÔöÇ¿×Ô·À×ԾȵÄÄÜÁ¦¡£Ò²Òª¼ÓÇ¿Ïû·À¹ÜÀíÈËÔ±µÄ°²È«Òâʶ£¬ÖØÊÓÏû·À°²È«Òþ»¼£¬»ý¼«×öºÃ·À»ð¹¤×÷¡£

¡¡¡¡²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ×:

¡¡¡¡[1]˾¸ê.Öйú¸ß²ã½¨Öþ»ðÔÖ[J].Ïû·À¿ÆÑ§Óë¼¼Êõ.2010£¬ 29 (10)£º863-870

¡¡¡¡[2]¹«°²Ïû·À¼à¶½Ô±ÒµÎñÅàѵ½Ì²Ä£¨½¨É󲿷֣©[S].¹«°²²¿Ïû·À¾Ö±à.±±¾©£ºÈºÖÚ³ö°æÉ磬1997

¡¡¡¡[3]ÄßÕ×Åô.¹úÍâÒÔÐÔÄÜΪ»ù´¡µÄ½¨Öþ·À»ð¹æ·¶Ñо¿×ÛÊö[A].Õ¹ÍûÐÂÊÀ¼ÍÏû·ÀѧÊõÑÐÌÖ»áÂÛÎļ¯[C]£¬ 2001

¡¡¡¡[4]ÕÅÈ«Á飬л¹ÚÎÄ.¶ÔÎÒ¹úÏû·À¿ÆÑÐÌåϵ½¨ÉèµÄÈÏʶºÍ½¨Òé[J].Ïû·À¿ÆÑ§Óë¼¼Êõ.2008, 27(3)£º 223-227

¡¡¡¡[5]³Â¼ÒÇ¿.¸ß²ã½¨Öþ»ðÔÖÓëÓ¦¶Ô´ëÊ©[J].Ïû·À¿ÆÑ§Óë¼¼Êõ.2007£¬ 26 (2): 109-113

¡¡¡¡[6]¸ßÔÆ£¬Õźƣ¬ß®¿¡éª.¸ß²ã½¨Öþ»ðÔÖÖÂÒòÒòËØ·ÖÎöÓë·À»ð°²È«¶Ô²ß[J].Öйú°²È«¿ÆÑ§Ñ§±¨.2009,19 (6)£º 149-153